在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)粉狀物料輸送領(lǐng)域，倉(cāng)泵作為高壓密相動(dòng)壓氣力輸送裝置的典型代表，憑借其穩(wěn)定可靠的性能，成為水泥、煤粉、化工粉體等物料長(zhǎng)距離輸送的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備。該裝置在 700kPa 以下的高壓環(huán)境中運(yùn)行，通過(guò)氣體動(dòng)力實(shí)現(xiàn)粉狀物料的密閉式輸送，有效避免粉塵外溢，兼具環(huán)保性與高效性。

　　In the field of modern industrial powder material transportation, the bin pump, as a typical representative of high-pressure dense phase dynamic pneumatic conveying devices, has become a key equipment for long-distance transportation of materials such as cement, coal powder, and chemical powder due to its stable and reliable performance. The device operates in a high-pressure environment below 700kPa and achieves closed conveying of powdered materials through gas power, effectively avoiding dust spillage and combining environmental friendliness and efficiency.

　　雙軌卸料模式：下引式與上引式的差異化應(yīng)用

　　Dual track unloading mode: differentiated application of downward and upward guidance

　　倉(cāng)泵的卸料方式呈現(xiàn)下引式與上引式兩種技術(shù)路徑，其原理與適用場(chǎng)景各有側(cè)重。下引式卸料作為最常見(jiàn)的底部出料方案，核心在于對(duì)物料流態(tài)化的精準(zhǔn)調(diào)控。罐體底部設(shè)置的圓錐面充氣槽或噴嘴，通過(guò)注入高壓氣體，將堆積的粉狀物料轉(zhuǎn)化為類似流體的狀態(tài)。在建材行業(yè)的水泥輸送中，底部加裝的流態(tài)化充氣板可使物料在罐底均勻卸出，配合管道內(nèi)的氣流形成穩(wěn)定的輸送流，有效避免物料堵塞。這種卸料方式尤其適用于流動(dòng)性較好、顆粒度均一的粉狀物料。

　　The unloading method of the bin pump presents two technical paths: downward and upward, each with its own emphasis on principles and applicable scenarios. As the most common bottom discharge scheme, downward discharge relies on precise control of material fluidization. The conical inflatable groove or nozzle set at the bottom of the tank converts the accumulated powdered material into a fluid like state by injecting high-pressure gas. In the cement transportation of the building materials industry, the fluidized inflatable plate installed at the bottom can evenly discharge the material at the bottom of the tank, and form a stable conveying flow with the airflow in the pipeline, effectively avoiding material blockage. This unloading method is particularly suitable for powdery materials with good fluidity and uniform particle size.

　　而上引式卸料則另辟蹊徑，從罐體上部完成物料輸出。輸送氣體在罐內(nèi)的分布策略高度依賴物料特性：對(duì)于密度較大、粘性強(qiáng)的粉體，需在不同平面分層進(jìn)氣，通過(guò)多點(diǎn)氣流擾動(dòng)實(shí)現(xiàn)物料松散；針對(duì)輕質(zhì)易飛揚(yáng)的物料，則采用集中式進(jìn)氣，快速形成向上的輸送動(dòng)力。在熱電廠的粉煤灰輸送環(huán)節(jié)，上引式倉(cāng)泵通過(guò)頂部多通道進(jìn)氣設(shè)計(jì)，使物料在罐體上部形成懸浮狀態(tài)，利用氣體壓差實(shí)現(xiàn)高效卸料，既保證輸送效率，又降低了對(duì)罐體耐壓性能的要求。

　　The upward discharge method takes a different approach, completing material output from the upper part of the tank. The distribution strategy of conveying gas in the tank is highly dependent on material characteristics: for powders with high density and strong viscosity, it is necessary to layer and introduce air in different planes, and achieve material loosening through multi-point airflow disturbance; For lightweight materials that are prone to flying, centralized air intake is used to quickly generate upward conveying power. In the fly ash conveying process of the thermal power plant, the upward suction bin pump is designed with a multi-channel air inlet at the top, so that the material is suspended in the upper part of the tank, and efficient unloading is achieved by using gas pressure difference, which not only ensures conveying efficiency but also reduces the requirements for the pressure resistance performance of the tank.

　　循環(huán)式工作流程：四階段協(xié)同的連續(xù)輸送機(jī)制

　　Circular workflow: Four stage collaborative continuous delivery mechanism

　　倉(cāng)泵的間歇性輸送過(guò)程本質(zhì)是一套精密的循環(huán)作業(yè)系統(tǒng)，每個(gè)工作周期由四個(gè)緊密銜接的階段構(gòu)成。進(jìn)料階段，進(jìn)料閥與排氣閥同步開(kāi)啟，粉狀物料在重力作用下從料倉(cāng)自由落入罐體，直至觸發(fā)水平料位計(jì)的倉(cāng)滿信號(hào)。該階段需嚴(yán)格控制進(jìn)料速度與罐體容量匹配，避免因過(guò)量進(jìn)料導(dǎo)致后續(xù)流化不暢。

　　The intermittent conveying process of a warehouse pump is essentially a precise cyclic operation system, with each working cycle consisting of four closely connected stages. In the feeding stage, the feeding valve and exhaust valve are opened synchronously, and the powdered material falls freely from the silo into the tank under the action of gravity until the level gauge triggers the full signal of the silo. At this stage, it is necessary to strictly control the feeding speed to match the tank capacity, in order to avoid subsequent fluidization obstruction caused by excessive feeding.

　　密封加壓階段隨即啟動(dòng)，進(jìn)料閥與排氣閥關(guān)閉，高壓氣閥開(kāi)啟向罐內(nèi)注入壓縮空氣。這一過(guò)程需精準(zhǔn)控制氣壓上升速率，過(guò)快的加壓會(huì)使物料產(chǎn)生沖擊堆積，過(guò)慢則影響輸送效率。當(dāng)罐內(nèi)壓力達(dá)到預(yù)設(shè)操作值（通常在 400 - 600kPa 區(qū)間），便進(jìn)入核心的輸送階段。輸送空氣閥與卸料閥打開(kāi)，高壓氣體裹挾流態(tài)化物料沿管道高速輸送，此時(shí)物料在氣流中呈密集栓塞狀移動(dòng)，單位時(shí)間輸送量可達(dá)常規(guī)氣力輸送設(shè)備的 1.5 倍以上。

　　The sealing and pressurization stage starts immediately, with the feed valve and exhaust valve closed, and the high-pressure air valve opened to inject compressed air into the tank. This process requires precise control of the rate of pressure rise. Excessive pressure can cause material to accumulate and impact, while slow pressure can affect conveying efficiency. When the pressure inside the tank reaches the preset operating value (usually in the range of 400-600kPa), it enters the core conveying stage. The conveying air valve and discharge valve are opened, and high-pressure gas carries fluidized materials along the pipeline at high speed. At this time, the materials move in a dense plug like manner in the airflow, and the conveying capacity per unit time can reach more than 1.5 times that of conventional pneumatic conveying equipment.

　　輸送完成后，系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入吹掃復(fù)位階段。壓力開(kāi)關(guān)、料位計(jì)或時(shí)間繼電器監(jiān)測(cè)到輸送結(jié)束信號(hào)，立即關(guān)閉高壓氣閥與卸料閥，將剩余壓縮空氣全部用于管道吹掃，清除殘留物料防止結(jié)塊。同時(shí)開(kāi)啟排氣閥卸壓，使罐體恢復(fù)常壓，為下一循環(huán)做好準(zhǔn)備。這種循環(huán)作業(yè)模式通過(guò)自動(dòng)化控制系統(tǒng)精確執(zhí)行，可實(shí)現(xiàn) 24 小時(shí)不間斷穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。

　　After the delivery is completed, the system enters the purge reset phase. When the pressure switch, level gauge or time relay detects the end signal of transportation, immediately close the high-pressure air valve and discharge valve, and use all remaining compressed air for pipeline blowing to remove residual materials and prevent clumping. Simultaneously open the exhaust valve to relieve pressure and restore the tank to normal pressure, preparing for the next cycle. This cyclic operation mode is precisely executed by an automated control system and can achieve 24-hour uninterrupted stable operation.

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